An amicable pair [(m,n)] consists of two integers [m,n] for which the sum of proper divisors (the divisors excluding the number itself) of one number equals the other. Amicable pairs are occasionally called friendly pairs (Hoffman 1998, p. 45), although this nomenclature is to be discouraged since the numbers more commonly known as friendly pairs are defined by a different, albeit related, criterion. Symbolically, amicable pairs satisfy
[s(m)] [=] [n]
(1)
[s(n)] [=] [m,]
(2)
where
[s(n)=sigma(n)-n]
(3)
is the restricted divisor function. Equivalently, an amicable pair [(m,n)] satisfies
[sigma(m)=sigma(n)=s(m)+s(n)=m+n,]
(4)
where [sigma(n)] is the divisor function. The smallest amicable pair is (220, 284) which has factorizations
[220] [=] [11·5·2^2]
(5)
[284] [=] [71·2^2]
(6)
giving restricted divisor functions
[s(220)] [=] [sum{1,2,4,5,10,11,20,22,44,55,110}]
(7)
[=] [284]
(8)
[s(284)] [=] [sum{1,2,4,71,142}]
(9)
[=] [220.]
(10)
The quantity
[sigma(m)=sigma(n)=s(m)+s(n),]
(11)
in this case, [220+284=504] , is called the pair sum. The first few amicable pairs are (220, 284), (1184, 1210), (2620, 2924) (5020, 5564), (6232, 6368), (10744, 10856), (12285, 14595), (17296, 18416), (63020, 76084), ... (OEIS A002025 and A002046). An exhaustive tabulation is maintained by D. Moews.